The Rhythm Returns to AfricaRepatriation, Citizenship, and Rebuilding the Global African FamilyImagine the rhythm returns to Africa from the Caribbean before anyone calls the journey a return.It crosses the Atlantic in the opposite direction of the ships that carried captive Africans toward plantation colonies. It arrives through records, radio, cassettes, touring musicians, students, sailors, political movements, and the voice of Bob Marley singing to a continent that already recognizes something ...

What Disappears When Rastafari, Marcus Garvey, and Jamaica Are Removed from the MusicMemory does not always leave with a loud goodbye. Sometimes it disappears one small omission at a time.A festival uses red, gold, and green but never names Ethiopia. A cannabis company prints a lion on its packaging but says nothing about the Rastafari people criminalized for sacramental practice. A playlist includes “roots” in its title but contains no ...

White Reggae-Rock, Festival Economics, and the Displacement of Jamaican MusiciansA festival poster is a small map of power. Who control the stage. The largest letters tell us who is expected to sell the most tickets. The middle rows reveal who is considered valuable but not decisive. The smallest names occupy the territory of discovery, obligation, and risk. Long before the first amplifier is switched on, the hierarchy has been printed.Study enough reggae posters in ...

When Good Vibes Replace LiberationWhen “Good Vibes” Replace Liberation Yet something absence The sun is going down behind an American festival stage. Palm trees are printed on banners even though the nearest Caribbean island is thousands of miles away. A white singer stands beneath red, gold, and green lights, guitar resting against his chest. Around him, the crowd lifts plastic cups and sings about peace, smoke, summer, and escaping the pressure of the week. The bass is warm. ...